Ear cancer

The most common is squamous cell carcinoma, originating in the outer ear like the ear canal or pinna. Basal cell carcinoma affects the skin of the outer ear and is often linked to excessive sun exposure. Similarly, melanoma is also associated with prolonged sun exposure and can develop in the outer ear skin or ear canal. Rarer types of cancer are adenoid cystic carcinoma, affecting salivary glands and potentially the middle ear or mastoid bone, and sarcomas, which form in the bones or soft tissues of the middle ear or temporal bone.

While ear cancer is relatively rare, certain factors may increase the likelihood of its development. One significant factor is exposure to treatments or substances that can potentially damage the ear, even during early stages of life.

Other factors that can cause ear cancer include a history of chronic ear infections, genetic predisposition, and a weakened immune system. Chronic inflammation and persistent infections can cause cellular changes that may eventually lead to cancer.

The treatment options for ear cancer depend on the specific location of the tumor within the ear. Different approaches are used to address tumors in the inner ear, middle ear, and external ear.

Inner ear and middle ear tumors can be treated through various approaches. Surgery is often performed to remove the tumor, considering factors such as its size, location, and stage. Chemotherapy may be used alone or in combination with surgery or radiation therapy, particularly for tumors that have spread or are not suitable for surgical removal alone. 

External ear tumors can be treated through various methods. Mohs micrographic surgery is a specialised technique that removes skin cancers layer by layer while preserving healthy tissue. Lymph node surgery may be necessary if the tumor has spread to nearby lymph nodes to prevent further cancer spread. Otoplasty, a reconstructive ear surgery, improves the appearance and function of the external ear. 

Often used in conjunction with surgery or chemotherapy, radiotherapy is a common choice to treat most types of ear tumors, particularly when surgery is not possible or as an additional treatment to eliminate remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.

The selection of the appropriate treatment approach depends on factors such as the type, size, stage, and location of the tumor, as well as the individual's overall health and preferences.