Tympanometry: test and results

The middle ear plays a key role in the hearing process, transmitting sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear, where they are converted into signals that the brain interprets as sound. Disruptions in this pathway—due to issues such as fluid buildup, blockages, or pressure imbalances—can result in hearing difficulties.

Tympanometry focuses specifically on assessing the middle ear’s ability to conduct sound effectively. By examining how the eardrum moves under varying air pressures, the test provides essential insights into the health of this part of the auditory system, helping to pinpoint problems that might interfere with hearing.

Tympanometry is typically carried out by an audiologist or an ENT specialist. These professionals are trained to use the tympanometer to measure the eardrum’s response to pressure changes, allowing them to assess the health of the middle ear and diagnose potential hearing issues. Since it is a medical test, it is important to consult with a specialist to ensure accurate results and proper interpretation of the data.

After the test, the results are presented as a tympanogram, which shows how the eardrum responds to pressure changes. There are three main types:

• Type A: indicates normal middle ear function. The eardrum moves properly, and pressure levels are within the expected range, suggesting no issues with sound transmission.
• Type B: suggests a problem, such as fluid behind the eardrum or a perforated eardrum. The eardrum shows limited movement, often due to ear infections or fluid buildup, requiring further treatment or investigation.
• Type C: indicates negative pressure in the middle ear, often caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction. This can affect hearing and may be temporary or require medical attention to resolve.