Ear Barotrauma

There are several reasons why an individual might experience ear barotrauma, with scuba diving and air travel being the most common triggers. This condition arises when the pressure inside the ear differs from that of the surrounding air or water.

Ear barotrauma can also occur if the eustachian tube, which connects the ears to the nose and throat, becomes blocked. This blockage may result from:

• Allergies
• Colds or infections
• Sinus congestion
• The size or shape of the ear canal
• Exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke
• Hormonal changes

For many cases caused by air travel or scuba diving, the ear barotrauma recovery time is quite short, with most symptoms generally resolving themselves soon after you’ve returned to solid ground.

There are some simple actions that you can take to help relieve discomfort if it persists, including chewing gum, swallowing, yawning and taking either decongestants or antihistamines.

Cases that have been caused by an ear infection or another type of illness may take longer to resolve, with the initial cause of the condition needing to be treated first.

Sometimes, additional ear barotrauma treatments are required. These may include the use of nasal decongestants and steroids to help open up the eustachian tube, a course of antibiotics, or taking some painkillers to reduce discomfort. For chronic cases, small cylinders, known as ear grommets, may need to be surgically implanted to help relieve the discomfort and pain caused by ear barotrauma.

Experiencing ear barotrauma occasionally, particularly while travelling, is normal; however, it is best to avoid recurring or severe cases whenever possible.

To minimise the risk of developing ear barotrauma, consider using earplugs specifically designed for air travel, as they can help mitigate the effects of pressure changes. Additionally, taking decongestants or antihistamines before flying may be beneficial. It is advisable to remain awake during take-off and landing to better manage pressure changes.

If you plan to go scuba diving, it is essential to equalise your ears before entering the water and as you descend. It’s also wise to enter the water feet first. If you experience pain while diving, ascend slowly to the surface. Ignoring such warning signs may lead to more severe ear injuries. If you have recently suffered from ear barotrauma, it is important to stay on dry land until your ears have completely healed, as diving again too soon could result in further damage.

To prevent ear barotrauma linked to ear infections and other illnesses, ensure your ears remain clean and dry. Keeping your hands clean and avoiding contact with sick individuals can also help reduce the risk of infection.