Amuzja jest zaburzeniem percepcji muzyki. Podłoże trudności ma charakter poznawczy – nie związany z ubytkiem słuchu czy deficytem intelektualnym. Amuzja może mieć charakter wrodzony lub nabyty – najczęściej ma to związek z uszkodzeniem płata skroniowego mózgu.
Amuzja objawia się kłopotami z rozpoznaniem lub zanuceniem znanej melodii, często zanika też umiejętność gry na instrumentach. Amuzja utrudnia rozróżnienie właściwych nut.
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Amuzja może być wrodzona (o podłożu genetycznym) lub nabyta – najczęściej wskutek wylewów czy wypadków, w których dochodzi do uszkodzenia płata skroniowego mózgu.
W efekcie osoba cierpiąca na amuzję może odbierać muzykę jako nieprzyjemną, choć często zachowana zostaje zdolność emocjonalnego reagowania na te dźwięki. Amuzja nie wpływa na zdolność rozumienia mowy.
Amuzja jest zaburzeniem, a nie chorobą, więc nie istnieje lek, który umożliwi słyszenie tonu osobom z amuzją. Należy pamiętać, że diagnoza problemu powinna zostać potwierdzona przez specjalistów.
Amuzja słuchu u dzieci jest zaburzeniem niemal niemożliwym do przewidzenia, choć niewykluczone, że amuzja może być dziedziczona.
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